Prostate Artery Embolization for Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Active urinary tract infection
• •2. Biopsy proven prostate or bladder cancer, or any recent cancer within 5 years other than basal or squamous cell skin cancer
• •3. Bladder atonia, neurogenic bladder disorder or other neurological disorder that is impacting bladder function (e.g. multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries, etc)
• •4. Urethral stricture, bladder neck contracture, sphincter abnormalities, urinary obstruction due to causes other than BPH, or other potentially confounding bladder or urethral disease or condition
• •5. Prostate size \<40 grams on CT or MRI
• •6. Previous non-medical BPH treatment, including surgery, TURP, needle ablation, microwave or laser therapy, balloon dilation, stent implantation, or any other invasive treatment to the prostate
• •7. Any known condition that limits catheter-based intervention or is a contraindication to embolization, such as intolerance to a vessel occlusion procedure or severe atherosclerosis.
• •8. Unable to have MRI imaging (e.g. metal implant including pacemaker, replacement joint, etc)
• •9. Cardiac condition including congestive heart failure or arrhythmia, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, significant respiratory disease or known immunosuppression which required hospitalization within the previous 6 months
• •10. Baseline serum creatinine level \> 160 umol/L
• •11. Known upper tract renal disease
• •12. Cystolithiasis or chronic hematuria within 3 months prior to study treatment
• •13. Active prostatitis
• •14. Previous rectal surgery other than hemorrhoidectomy, or history of rectal disease
• •15. History of pelvic irradiation or radical pelvic surgery
• •16. Coagulation disturbances not normalized by medical treatment
• •17. Known major iliac arterial occlusive disease
• •18. Allergy to iodinated contrast agents
• •19. Hypersensitivity to gelatin products