The research study goal is to advance the understanding of the mechanisms for essential tremor through brain recordings. The investigators will collect brain signals in persons with essential tremor undergoing neurosurgical treatment (deep brain stimulation implantation). By recording from the implanted electrodes for deep brain stimulation along with two other non-invasive intraoperative monitoring electrodes, the origins of tremor will be studied in the human motor network. Moreover, by performing recordings during deep brain stimulation delivery, the mechanisms in which deep brain stimulation modulates this network to suppress tremor will be investigated.
During the standard of care DBS procedure neural recordings are performed as the participant is in a reclined position on the operating table. In addition to neural recordings it is standard to ask the patient to move their arms and legs during the procedure. An additional intraoperative monitoring subdural electrode strip, used in epilepsy and tumor surgeries to perform functional mapping, will be placed by the neurosurgeon after the DBS electrode is placed per the clinical need of the patient. In addition, the Ad-Tech Medical Instrumentation Corp. device will be used to test responses with wireless sensors placed on the participant's arms, which can record electromyogram (EMG) activity. Brain signals will be recorded using the clinical NeuroOmega system Medtronic RC+S, which are devices capable of recording during stimulation. This additional testing will add approximately 30-45 minutes to the surgical time. The Medtronic RC+S stimulator will not be implanted in these subjects, and will not used as a therapy. No interventions are compared against any controls for this study.
