This study combines two pediatric glioma cohorts (LGG and HGG cohorts) into a multi-center, open-label, Phase II study:
* The LGG cohort is a multi-center, randomized, open-label part of this Phase II study conducted in children and adolescent patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive LGG whose tumor was unresectable and who required first systemic treatment. Participants in the LGG cohort were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either dabrafenib plus trametinib or carboplatin with vincristine.
* The HGG cohort is a multi-center, single-arm, open-label part of this Phase II study conducted in children and adolescent patients with BRAF V600 mutation-positive, refractory or relapsed HGG tumors after having received at least one previous standard therapy.
The duration of treatment for participants on dabrafenib plus trametinib in LGG and for all patients in the HGG cohort was continued until the loss of clinical benefit in the opinion of the Investigator, unacceptable toxicity, start of a new anti-neoplastic therapy, discontinuation at the discretion of the investigator or patient/legal guardian, lost to follow-up, death, study termination by the sponsor, or until disease progression. The duration of treatment for patients in the carboplatin with vincristine arm in LGG cohort was continued for the prescribed number of cycles, as tolerated or until unacceptable toxicity, start of a new anti-neoplastic therapy, discontinuation at the discretion of the investigator or patient/legal guardian, lost to follow-up, death, study is terminated by the sponsor or until disease progression. Participants randomized to the carboplatin with vincristine treatment arm were allowed to cross over to receive dabrafenib in combination with trametinib after centrally confirmed RANO-defined disease progression. Crossover was allowed during the treatment period or the post-treatment period.
After discontinuation of study treatment, all participants (LGG and HGG cohorts) were followed for safety for at least 30 days after the last dose of study treatment. All participants who discontinued study treatment for reasons other than disease progression, death, loss to follow up, or withdrawal of consent moved into the post-treatment efficacy follow-up phase. Finally, all participants were followed for survival once they discontinued study treatment for at least 2 years after the last patient first study treatment (except if consent was withdrawn, death, or the patient was lost to follow-up or discontinued study)
