Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation for Post-operative Acute and Chronic Pain

The patients underwent undergo fractured hip surgery will be distributed into three groups with respect to the mode of postoperative analgesia applied: Group I (control): PCA only; group II: PCA plus lumbar plexus \& sciatic nerve TENS (LS-TENS); group III: PCA plus surgical wound TENS (SW-TENS). TENS will be applied every 2 hours for 30-40 minutes during 48 hours postoperatively. Visual analogue score (VAS), Ramsey sedation scores, frequencies of PCA demand and counts of PCA delivery, as well as total analgesic consumption will be noted and compared between groups at various time intervals. Visual analog scale (VAS) will be applied at 2 months postoperatively VAS and Mcgill pain questionnaire will be applied at the 6th and 24th months of the surgery to assess acute and chronic pain in the study population and the differences among groups.

Inclusion Criteria: Adult patients will be scheduled for surgery due to hip fracture in Mustafa Kemal University Hospital will be included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with a history of opioid analgesic abuse, or sensitivity to opioids, and those with clinically significant systemic (cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, neurologic etc.) diseases, will be excluded.