Efficacy of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Provoked Vestibulodynia : a Triple Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Other pelvic pathology associated with pelvic pain (e.g., deep dyspareunia);
• •2. Chronic pain conditions (e.g. fibromyalgia, low back pain, chronic migraines);
• •3. Use of medication that can influence the perception of pain (eg analgesic, opioids, antiepileptic, muscle relaxant);
• •4. Pregnancy for less than one year and breastfeeding;
• •5. Anterior vulvar or vaginal surgery;
• •6. Refusal to refrain from other treatments one month prior to first treatment study until the last 3-month follow-up assessment;
• •7. Important urogynecologic symptoms (urinary or anal incontinence, urinary urgency, pelvic organ prolapse, active urinary tract or vaginal infection or earlier in the last 3 months, etc.);
• •8. Contraindications to tDCS (e.g. metallic implant in or near the skull, history of epilepsy, pacemaker);
• •9. Previously received tDCS treatment.