Based on CDC's guidance on PrEP as well as results of randomized controlled trials, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved this daily medication (comprised of one pill) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV in adults at high risk. Other medical practices to avoid transmission within this population include assisted reproductive technologies such as sperm washing (or donated sperm) coupled with in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (an in vitro procedure where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg), and intrauterine insemination (placing the sperm directly into the uterus). However, these methods are costly and often regionally scarce. PrEP is more accessible and a less expensive option for couples. When used consistently and as prescribed, PrEP has shown to significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection among adult men and women. However, risk reduction counseling and clinical monitoring are necessary for its effective implementation. Therefore, beyond efficacy trials, it is important to conduct additional studies of pre-exposure prophylaxis to observe what factors make PrEP feasible and acceptable to couples, as well as identify other factors that impact level of adherence. The study will take place in four U.S. cities: Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and San Francisco and will involve couples who have chosen to begin PrEP for conception as part of their clinical care after receiving preconception counseling and reviewing their options with their health care provider.
