Treating Parents to Reduce NICU Transmission of Staphylococcus Aureus Trial

The TREAT PARENTS Trial, or Treating Parents to Reduce NICU Transmission of S. aureus, is a placebo-controlled, double-masked, randomized clinical trial to test the hypothesis that treatment of S. aureus colonized parents with intranasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine gluconate antisepsis will decrease neonatal S. aureus acquisition. All neonates admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center NICUs will be pre-screened and parents will be approached for enrollment in the study. After consent and baseline screening, 400 neonate-parent pairs will be randomized; only neonates who have a parent colonized with S. aureus will be randomized. Parents will receive a 5 day treatment with intranasal mupirocin plus topical chlorhexidine gluconate antisepsis or placebo. After recruitment and informed consent, parents will undergo pre-randomization screening. If both parents screen negative for S. aureus colonization, the neonate will be ineligible for the randomization and parents will be informed that the parents are not colonized at that time with S. aureus. If either parent screens positive for S. aureus, then both parents as a pair will be eligible for randomization to one of the two possible masked treatment arms. The neonate-parent "pair" will be the unit of randomization and each parent will be allocated to the same group if both consent. After the baseline neonate testing for S. aureus colonization, repeat testing will be performed every 7 days for the neonates until the neonate acquires S. aureus colonization or is discharged from the NICU.