Hemodynamic instability (i.e., mean arterial pressure (MAP)\<60 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) for 30 minutes)
Active cardiac dysrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic instability
Pregnancy
Duret hemorrhage
Prisoner or Ward of the State
Known history of clotting disorder (e.g., heparin induced thrombocytopenia, pulmonary embolism/deep venous thrombosis)
Injury to other body organ where hypothermia would be precluded because of bleeding risk (e.g., grade 3 liver laceration; bowel laceration; flail lung or international normalized ratio (INR) \>1.4)
Inability to obtain informed consent or utilize exception to informed consent for emergency research.
