Proximal Humerus Site for Anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria

• •Have an active infection in the body
• •Imprisoned
• •Pregnant
• •Cognitively impaired
• •Fracture in humerus, or significant trauma to the site
• •Excessive tissue and/or absence of adequate anatomical landmarks in humerus
• •Infection in target area
• •Humeral IO insertion in past 48 hours, prosthetic limb or joint or other significant orthopedic procedure in humerus
• •Current use of anti-coagulants
• •Current cardiac condition requiring pacemaker or anti-arrhythmic drugs
• •Prior adverse reaction to lidocaine
• •Volunteers with any of the following characteristics may be excluded from the infusion pathway evaluation involving administration of contrast dye at the discretion of the PI:
• •Prior adverse reaction to contrast dye
• •Allergy to any food or drug
• •History of impaired renal function
• •History of impaired hepatic function
• •History of cardiac disease
• •History of pheochromocytoma