Atomoxetine for ATS and Opioid Dependence During Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment in Malaysia

The Specific Aims of the proposed study are: 1. To evaluate the tolerability, acceptability and potential effect size of the efficacy of 4 months of atomoxetine treatment for patients with co-occurring ATS and heroin dependence (COATS) receiving buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) and educational drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (EDRC). 2. To better characterize patients with co-occurring ATS and heroin dependence (with regard to disturbances of mood, impulse control, executive functioning and patterns of drug use during MMT) and to evaluate the effects of atomoxetine on mood, impulsivity, and executive functioning (including attention, concentration, memory, and decision-making characteristics). 3. To provide training in drug abuse treatment, HIV prevention and treatment, and drug abuse clinical research to drug abuse clinical researchers and clinicians in Kota Bharu, Malaysia.