Testing Docetaxel-Cetuximab or the Addition of an Immunotherapy Drug, Atezolizumab, to the Usual Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Head and Neck Cancer

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To select the better docetaxel-based experimental arm to improve disease-free survival (DFS) over the control arm of radiation and cisplatin. (Phase II) (COMPLETE AS OF 20-MAR-2020) II. To determine if the combination of docetaxel-cetuximab and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is superior in terms of overall survival (OS) compared to standard cisplatin and IMRT in the adjuvant treatment of pathologic high risk, human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (Phase III) III. To determine if the combination of atezolizumab, cisplatin, and IMRT is superior in terms of OS compared to standard cisplatin and IMRT in the adjuvant treatment of pathologic high risk, HPV-negative HNSCC. (Phase III) SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To compare disease-free survival (DFS) between each experimental arm and the control arm. (Phase III) II. To determine whether each experimental arm improves local-regional disease control and the rate of distant metastasis. (Phase III) III. To compare acute toxicity profiles between each experimental arm and the control arm. (Phase III) IV. To compare late toxicity profiles at 1, 3, and 5 years after treatment. (Phase III) V. To assess long term DFS and OS between each experimental arm and the control arm. (Phase III) VI. To compare symptom burden, as measured by the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory - Head and Neck (MDASI-HN) (primary patient reported outcome \[PRO\]), and quality of life, as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Head and Neck (FACT-H\&N) (secondary PRO), between each experimental arm and the control arm. (Phase III) EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVE: I. To collect blood and tissue specimens for future translational research. (Phase III) OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 arms - Phase II (Arms 1, 2 or 3) and for Phase III (Arms 1, 3 or 4). ARM 1: Patients undergo intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) once daily (QD) five days a week for 6 weeks and receive concurrent cisplatin intravenously (IV) over 1-2 hours once weekly for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM 2: Patients undergo IMRT as in Arm I and receive concurrent docetaxel IV over 60 minutes once weekly for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED AS OF 20-MAR-2020) ARM 3: Patients receive cetuximab IV over 120 minutes on week 1 and over 60 minutes once weekly on weeks 2-7. Patients undergo IMRT as in Arm I and concurrently receive docetaxel once weekly for 6 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM 4: Patients undergo IMRT QD five days a week for 6 weeks and receive concurrent cisplatin IV over 1-2 hours once weekly for 6 weeks. Starting 1 week before IMRT, patients also receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes every 3 weeks for up to 8 doses (weeks -1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21) in the absence of disease progression and unacceptable toxicity. All patients undergo collection of blood samples during screening and throughout the study and may undergo computed tomography (CT) scans and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy as clinically indicated on study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 1 and 3 months, every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter.