Liver Fibrosis in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (Liver AATD)

Our overarching hypothesis is that liver disease in adults with AAT deficiency is the result of the accumulation of the abnormally folded protein within the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte. In some individuals, the intrinsic cellular mechanisms of the hepatocyte are sufficient to clear adequate amounts of the abnormally folded protein such that liver disease does not occur. In AAT deficient individuals who develop liver disease, environmental and other genetic factors stress the hepatocyte, and the normal cellular mechanisms that maintain homeostasis are disrupted, leading to liver disease. For this proposal, our hypothesis is that the prevalence of liver disease in adults with AAT is higher than previously reported because liver injury and fibrosis is not accurately detected by available routine liver testing. Testing this hypothesis will require an initial evaluation for liver disease with liver function testing and imaging, and then histologic confirmation by liver biopsy.