EPVent 2- A Phase II Study of Mechanical Ventilation Directed by Transpulmonary Pressures

Exclusion Criteria

• •Received mechanical ventilation more than 96 hours
• •Recently treated or bleeding varices, esophageal stricture, hematemesis, esophageal trauma, recent esophageal surgery or other contraindication for nasogastric tube placement
• •Severe coagulopathy (platelet count \< 5000/microliter or INR \> 4)
• •History of lung transplantation
• •Elevated intracranial pressure or conditions where hypercapnia-induced elevations in intracranial pressure should be avoided
• •Evidence of active air leak from the lung
• •not committed to full support
• •Participation in other intervention trials for ARDS or for sepsis within the past 30 days.
• •Neuromuscular disease that impairs ability to ventilate spontaneously
• •Severe chronic liver disease, defined as Child-Pugh Score of ≥12
• •Treating clinician refusal, or unwillingness to commit to controlled ventilation for at least 24 hours
• •Inability to get informed consent from the patient or surrogate.
• •Use of rescue therapies for prior to enrollment (e.g. nitric oxide, ECMO, prone positioning, high frequency oscillation). This does not exclude cases where these therapies were used as the initial mode of ventilation