Intraosseous Access in the Emergency Department for Patients With Failed Attempts at Intravenous Access: A Randomized Trial Examining Resource Utilization and Patient Satisfaction

Exclusion Criteria

• •1\. Patients who are younger than 18 years of age, b) lack English fluency c) are unable to give informed consent d) require immediate central venous access e) have a history of osteomyelitis in the only target location of IO access f) have a fracture in the bone of the only target IO site g) have received an IO in the last 24 hours of the only target site h) are allergic to lidocaine i) pregnant or j) require a contrast CT scan as part of their ED care will be excluded.
• •While pregnant patients may benefit from rescue access the use of lidocaine to anesthetize the medullary space has not been studied in this population.