Nutrient Regulation of Amino Acid Transporters in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Cardiac abnormalities considered exclusionary by the study physician (e.g., CHF, CAD, right-to-left shunt)
• •2. Uncontrolled endocrine or metabolic disease (e.g., hypo/hyperthyroidism, diabetes)
• •3. GFR \<65 mL/min/1.73m2 or evidence of kidney disease or failure
• •4. Vascular disease or risk factors of peripheral atherosclerosis. (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia \> 250 mg/dl, claudication or evidence of venous or arterial insufficiency upon palpitation of femoral, popliteal and pedal arteries)
• •5. Risk of DVT including family history of thrombophilia, DVT, pulmonary emboli, myeloproliferative diseases including polycythemia (Hb\>18 g/dL) or thrombocytosis (platelets\>400x103/mL), and connective tissue diseases (positive lupus anticoagulant), hyperhomocysteinemia, deficiencies of factor V Leiden, proteins S and C, and antithrombin III
• •6. Use of anticoagulant therapy. (e.g., Coumadin, heparin)
• •7. Prior history of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• •8. Elevated systolic pressure \>150 or a diastolic blood pressure \> 100
• •9. Implanted electronic devices (e.g., pacemakers, electronic infusion pumps, stimulators)
• •10. Cancer or history of successfully treated cancer (less than 1 year) other than basal cell carcinoma
• •11. Currently on a weight-loss diet or body mass index \> 30 kg/m2
• •12. Inability to abstain from smoking for duration of study
• •13. A history of \> 20 pack per year smoking
• •14. HIV or hepatitis B or C\*
• •15. Recent anabolic or corticosteroids use (within 3 months)
• •16. Subjects with hemoglobin or hematocrit lower than accepted lab values
• •17. Agitation/aggression disorder (by psychiatric history and exam)
• •18. History of stroke with motor disability
• •19. A recent history (\<12 months) of GI bleed
• •20. Pregnancy as determined by a pregnancy test
• •21. Depression \[\>5 on the 15 items Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)\]
• •22. Alcohol or drug abuse
• •23. Exercise training (\>1 session of moderate to high intensity aerobic or resistance exercise/week)
• •24. Liver disease (AST/ALT 2 times above the normal limit, hyperbilirubinemia)
• •25. Respiratory disease (acute upper respiratory infection, history of chronic lung disease with resting oxygen saturation \<97% on room air)
• •26. Any other condition or event considered exclusionary by the PI and faculty physician