Lead Sponsor

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Age

18 - 79 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1-3
•2. Age 18-79, inclusive
•3. BMI \<36 kg/m\^2
•4. Patient consenting to single injection brachial plexus nerve block as primary anesthetic for a procedure

•1. Patients with coagulation disorders
•2. Clinically significant pulmonary disease
•3. Clinically significant cardiac disease
•4. Neurologic deficit in surgical extremity
•5. Allergy to bupivacaine or buprenorphine
•6. Intolerance of narcotics
•7. Local infection over intended area of needle insertion
•8. Hepatic failure or renal failure
•9. Significant psychiatric disease, including drug abuse
•10. Seizure disorder
•11. Possible pregnancy or lactation by patient report
•12. Use of narcotic medication greater than 2 times a week for greater than 1 week.
•13. Patients for whom the surgeon requests a shorter-acting block