Blood Flow and Pain Crises in People With Sickle Cell Disease

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Pregnancy.
• •2. History of non-trivial injury, burns, surgery or skin ulcers on the arms.
• •3. Carrier of drug resistant bacteria that normally requires isolation while visiting a hospital.
• •4. Administration of any of the following drugs within the last 14 days:
• •* Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil)
• •* Endothelin-1 receptor blockers (bosentan, sitaxentan, ambrisentan, tezosentan)
• •* Nitric oxide donors (nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, nitrates)
• •5. Ingestion of caffeine within the 12 hours before the start of the study appointment, or tobacco use within the 30 days before the study appointment.
• •6. Diagnosis with any of the following chronic diseases or conditions:
• •* Uncontrolled high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure must not be greater than 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg)
• •* Uncontrolled high cholesterol (total cholesterol must not be greater than 240 mg/dL)
• •* Uncontrolled diabetes (must not have both a documented history of diabetes and random blood glucose of greater than 200 mg/dL)
• •* Chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine must not be greater than 2 mg/dL)
• •* Coronary artery disease
• •* Peripheral vascular disease
• •7. Received a blood transfusion within 7 days of the study procedure.
• •SICKLE CELL DISEASE SUBJECTS IN STEADY STATE
• •1. Pregnancy.
• •2. History of non-trivial trauma, burns, surgery or skin ulcers on the arms.
• •3. Carrier of drug resistant bacteria that normally requires isolation while visiting a hospital.
• •4. Experience of an acute pain crisis requiring intravenous (IV) narcotics and hospital admission within the last 14 days.
• •5. Ingestion of caffeine within the 12 hours before the start of the study appointment, or tobacco use within the 30 days before the study appointment.
• •6. Administration of any of the following drugs within the last 14 days:
• •* Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil)
• •* Endothelin-1 receptor blockers (bosentan, sitaxentan, ambrisentan, tezosentan)
• •* Nitric oxide donors (nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, nitrates)
• •7. Diagnosis of any of the following chronic diseases or conditions: \<TAB\>
• •* Uncontrolled high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure must not be greater than 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg)
• •* Uncontrolled high cholesterol (total cholesterol must not be greater than 240 mg/dL)
• •* Uncontrolled diabetes (must not have both a documented history of diabetes and random blood glucose of greater than 200 mg/dL)
• •* Chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine must not be greater than 2 mg/dL)
• •* Coronary artery disease
• •* Peripheral vascular disease
• •8. Received a blood transfusion within 7 days of the study procedure.
• •HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS
• •1. Pregnancy.
• •2. History of non-trivial injury, burns, surgery or skin ulcers on the arms.
• •3. Carrier of drug resistant bacteria that normally requires isolation while visiting a hospital.
• •4. Administration of any of the following drugs within the last 14 days:
• •* Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil)
• •* Endothelin-1 receptor blockers (bosentan, sitaxentan, ambrisentan, tezosentan)
• •* Nitric oxide donors (nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, nitrates)
• •5. Ingestion of caffeine in the 12 hours before the start of the study appointment, or used tobacco in the 30 days before the study appointment.
• •6. Diagnosis with any of the following chronic diseases or conditions:
• •* Sickle cell disease \<TAB\>
• •* Uncontrolled high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure must not be greater than 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg)
• •* Uncontrolled high cholesterol (total cholesterol must not be greater than 240 mg/dL)
• •* Uncontrolled diabetes (must not have both a documented history of diabetes and random blood glucose of greater than 200 mg/dL)
• •* Chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine must not be greater than 2 mg/dL)
• •* Coronary artery disease
• •* Peripheral vascular disease