Family Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Preschoolers With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for OCD includes several core therapeutic elements including establishment of treatment goals, assigned homework, operant conditioning paradigms (the putative mechanism for exposure-based therapies), provision of psychoeducation (e.g., the link between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors), cognitive (e.g., cognitive restructuring) and behavioral (e.g., exposure) coping skill implementation, and target behavior progress assessments. Nevertheless, research is lacking in preschoolers with OCD and these children likely require adaptations to the traditional CBT regimen. Preschoolers often have a high level of family accommodation, whereby the family members become part of the rituals and compulsions in attempt to ease the young child's anxiety. CBT with preschoolers will need to emphasize delivering intervention within the context of the family. The flexibility of this modular approach for treatment (modular therapies allow for variations in the order and intensiveness of the aforementioned treatment elements, providing an individually tailored treatment instead of a one-size-fits-all approach) may be optimally suited for preschoolers with OCD given their wide variability in developmental level and symptom presentation. This is consistent with the NIH Roadmap Initiative which calls for personalized interventions matched to individual patient characteristics. Our OCD research team in the Rothman Center is highly experienced in clinical research for pediatric and adult OCD. The proposed investigation is a single-site controlled trial of CBT in preschool aged youth with OCD aged 3-8 years. We will randomly assign patients to immediate treatment or 6-week Treatment as Usual (TAU) control. A manualized CBT protocol will be followed. Assessments will occur at Screening, Baseline, Post-treatment and 1 and 3-month follow-ups. Ratings of patient OCD symptom severity will be conducted at each time point by trained raters blinded to treatment condition. Diagnosis will be established by an experienced clinician and verified by a validated rating scale conducted with the child's parent(s); cases will be reviewed by study investigators. Assessments will be audio-recorded and verified for integrity. Randomization will be determined immediately following the baseline assessment; patients will be assigned TAU or immediate treatment in a 1:1 ratio. All eligible patients will receive 12 therapy sessions over 6 weeks using the evidence-based treatment protocol that incorporates E/RP and parent involvement; sessions are twice weekly for 60 minutes. Dr. Lewin and other trained OCD therapists under his supervision will conduct therapy sessions. All sessions are audiorecorded for integrity.