Cyclophosphamide for Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Hematological Malignancies

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. The primary objective of this study is to assess outcomes when high-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) is administered on days 3 and 4 followed by cyclosporine (CSP) after human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related or unrelated mobilized blood cell transplantation with total-body irradiation (TBI) or busulfan (BU)-based conditioning. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. The secondary objective of this study is to assess hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes when withdrawal of CSP is accelerated in patients without acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). OUTLINE: Patients' conditioning regimens are determined by the Clinical Coordinator after consultation with the attending physician. Based on disease, patients receive either TBI or fludarabine and busulfan. PREPARATIVE REGIMEN: Patients receive TBI twice daily (BID) on days -4 or -3 to -1. Some patients also receive fludarabine intravenously (IV) daily on days -5 to -2 and busulfan IV over 3 hours once daily (QD) or over 2 hours every 6 hours on days -5 to -2. Patients may also undergo central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis, testicular irradiation, and/or involved field irradiation as per standard practice. TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) on day 0 per standard practice. GVHD PROPHYLAXIS: Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 1-2 hours on days 3-4. Patients also receive cyclosporine IV every 12 hours or every 8 hours beginning on day 5 with taper on days 56-126. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at day 180 and then annually for 5 years.