A Phase I Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Renal Impairment on Pharmacokinetics of NOX-E36

Current diabetes therapy does not stop progression of the disease and the development of diabetes mellitus (DM)-associated complications. A major concern in DM-patients is renal impairment due to nephropathy leading to a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It has been established that chronic (sub)clinical inflammation is crucial for the onset and progression of DM. CCL2, also known as Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP 1) is a chemokine from the cysteine-cysteine family, secreted by leukocytes or tissue cells. CCL2 promotes monocyte emigration from the bone marrow, activates monocytes and macrophages and directs their migration to sites of inflammation. Recent animal studies and clinical trials indicate a critical involvement of CCL2 in DM and diabetic nephropathy, suggesting that CCL2 may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in DM. Finally, protein overload and oxidative challenge of the diseased kidney was suggested to stimulate CCL2 expression in renal tubuli, thereby accelerating the progression of diabetic nephropathy. As NOX E36 is designed to specifically target human MCP-1/CCL2. This study is performed to evaluate the role of renal impairment for adequate dosing recommendations in the planned target population.