A Phase I Study of NK Cell Infusion Following Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation From Related or Matched Unrelated Donors in Pediatric Patients With Solid Tumors and Leukemias

Background * Despite progress in pediatric oncology, some patient subsets with hematologic malignancies and pediatric solid tumors continue to experience extremely poor overall survival. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) is effective in some high-risk hematologic malignancies. * Allogeneic HSCT can be performed safely in these patient populations, but disease recurrence is common and new approaches to enhance the antitumor effect of this therapy are needed. Natural killer (NK) mediated killing appears to confer improved outcomes after HSCT for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and NK cell infusions have induced complete remissions in patients with AML. * Preclinical data demonstrates that activated NK cells readily kill pediatric solid tumors and leukemias, that large numbers of activated NK cells can be generated ex vivo using artificial antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and that the post-transplant period may be favorable for expansion and survival of adoptively transferred NK cells. Objectives * To assess the feasibility and toxicity of infusing escalating doses of donor-derived activated NK cell donor lymphocyte infusions (NK-DLI) on Days 7 plus or minus 2 days and 49 plus or minus 7 days following human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched T cell depleted (TCD) peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) in patients with metastatic or recurrent pediatric solid tumors and high risk leukemias who have unrelated donors or related donors; * To determine if patients treated in this manner experience rapid, sustained donor engraftment and acceptable rates of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) (less than 25% incidence of grade III or grade IV). Eligibility -Patients 4-35 years with hematologic malignancies (e.g., ALL, AML, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), Hodgkins Lymphoma (HD), Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL), with a 5/6 or 6/6 HLA-matched related or 9/10 or 10/10 HLA matched unrelated donor. Design * Pre-transplant disease specific immune depleting chemotherapy and the preparative regimen will be the same as that used previously on 02-C-0259 and 01-C-0125, for those patients undergoing reduced intensity transplant. * For patients with ALL or AML, a myeloablative regimen based on current Children's Oncology Group (COG) standard-of- care preparative regimen will also be included. * Donors will undergo 1-3 apheresis sessions for filgrastim mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). This product will be T cell and NK cell depleted prior to cryopreservation. NK cells selected from the product will be used for ex vivo activation and expansion using KT64.4-BBL artificial antigen presenting cells. * A phase 1 cell dose escalation of donor derived NK-DLI will be performed using 3 dose levels (1 x 10(5), 1 x 10(6) and 1 x 10(7) NK cells/kg) infused on days 21 more or less 3 post-PBSCT and a second infusion on day 49 more or less 7 post-PBSCT. * Three patients will be enrolled at each dose level, with the cohort expanded to 6 if dose-limiting toxicity occurs. An expanded group of 12 patients will be treated at the highest dose level tolerated.