F-18 Sodium Fluoride in Prostate Cancer

Background: * Evaluating response to therapy in prostate cancer is limited by the inability to quantify bony metastatic disease * F-18 sodium fluoride (NaF) is a PET radiopharmaceutical which localizes in regions of bony turnover, and was the 1st bone scan agents (prior to Tc-99m MDP (methylene diphosphonate) availability) * Today s high sensitivity PET cameras can image the distribution of F-18 NaF as a whole body volume and permit quantification of uptake over time. The addition of co-registered CT increases the diagnostic accuracy for detection of metastatic disease Primary Objective: -To evaluate the feasibility of using NaF PET/CT to quantitatively measure the extent of bony metastatic disease in patients with prostate cancer in patients * To determine the intra-patient reproducibility of F-18 NaF PET/CT * To explore the relationship between the biodistribution changes in F-18 NaF PET/CT parameters and the clinical response Eligibility: * Participant must have pathology proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate. * Participant must have * A history of PSA \> 10ng/mL or a history of PSA doubling time of less than or equal to 6 months, and no known bone metastatic involvement on standard of care imaging (Tc-99m MDP bone scan, CT etc). OR --Any PSA (prostate specific antigen) level and known bone metastatic disease on standard of care imaging (Tc-99m MDP bone scan, CT etc.) * Participant must be 18 years or older and have ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) Performance grade of 0 to 2 * Ability to provide informed consent. All subjects must sign a document of informed consent indicating their understanding of the investigational nature and risks of the study before any protocol related studies are performed. Design: This is a pilot, 2-arm, open label study of patients with prostate cancer. One arm will accrue patients with known bone metastases and the second will accrue patient at risk of developing bone metastases (30 patients per group; total enrollment 60 patients). As it is possible that there will be different rates of bone lesion detection dependent on hormone responsiveness of the tumors, further stratification (castrate sensitive vs. castrate resistant tumor) may be performed to evaluate for predominant trends. All participants will undergo a static F-18 NaF imaging session at baseline, at 4-8 months, and at 10-14 months following enrollment (3 sessions over 1-year). Half of the participants (15 in each group) will undergo two baseline F-18 NaF PET/CT imaging sessions (within 14-days of each other) in order to evaluate the reproducibility of F-18 NaF PET imaging for a total of 4 sessions over a 1-year period. The change in bone uptake of F-18 NaF will be measured, reproducibility determined, and preliminary comparisons with clinical response will be made.