Chemotherapy Based on Positron Emission Tomography Scan in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage II Hodgkin Lymphoma

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the progression-free survival (PFS) from enrollment for patients with non-bulky stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma. II. To compare the PFS of patients who are PET positive versus PET negative following 2 cycles of doxorubicin hydrochloride, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To evaluate the complete response (CR) rate of patients diagnosed with non-bulky stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma following PET response-adapted chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. II. To determine the predictive value of fludeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake using various semi-quantitative approaches, at baseline, after 2 cycles of AVBD and at completion of therapy. III. To determine the predictive value of volumetric changes on computed tomography (CT) vs 2-dimensional (2-D) analyses after 2 cycles and 4 cycles and compare with PET parameters with and without combination analyses (PET + dedicated CT data). IV. To compare the predictive value of metabolic parameters/changes that are measured both visually and semi-quantitatively, International Harmonization Project (IHP) criteria, 2-D and volumetric CT changes, molecular parameters, and conventional parameters, including International Prognostic Score (IPS). V. To assess whether elevated baseline circulating markers of inflammation (including soluble cluster of differentiation CD30 \[sCD\]30, soluble CD 163 \[CD163\], interleukin-10 (IL10), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 \[CCL22\]) correlate with clinical response and PFS and PET scan results. VI. To assess whether persistent or recurrent elevated serial circulating markers of inflammation (including soluble CD30 \[sCD30\], soluble CD163 \[sCD163\], IL10, CCL17, or CCL22) correlate with relapse/progression or PET scan results. VII. To confirm independently useful tissue biomarkers for risk stratification in patients with non-bulky stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma treated with this regimen. VIII. To compare mediastinal bulk on standing posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral chest x-ray (\> 0.33 maximum chest diameter) with chest CT (mass \> 10 cm). OUTLINE: ABVD CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive doxorubicin hydrochloride intravenously (IV) over 3-5 minutes, bleomycin sulfate IV over 3-5 minutes, vinblastine IV over 3-5 minutes, and dacarbazine IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 2 courses. Patients then undergo PET scan. Patients achieving complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) with a negative PET scan receive 2 additional courses of ABVD chemotherapy in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients achieving CR, PR, or SD with a positive PET scan proceed to escalated BEACOPP chemotherapy. ESCALATED BEACOPP\* CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive doxorubicin hydrochloride IV over 3-5 minutes and cyclophosphamide IV over 60 minutes on day 1, etoposide IV over 45-60 minutes on days 1-3, procarbazine orally (PO) on days 1-7, prednisone PO on days 1-14, and bleomycin sulfate IV and vincristine IV on day 8. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 2 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Within 4-6 weeks after completion of BEACOPP chemotherapy, patients undergo involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) 5 days a week for 3½ weeks. NOTE: \* HIV-positive patients receive standard BEACOPP instead of escalated BEACOPP. Patients undergo fludeoxyglucose F\^18 PET/CT scan at baseline, and within 8-10 days after completion of chemotherapy. Patients also undergo additional PET/CT scans within 3-4 weeks after completion of ABVD or within 12 weeks after completion of BEACOPP and IFRT. Patients with a negative PET scan proceed to follow up. Patients with a positive PET scan undergo biopsy\*\*. Patients with a negative biopsy proceed to follow up, and patients with a positive biopsy are treated at the discretion of the investigator. NOTE: \*\* Patients for whom biopsy is neither clinically appropriate nor medically feasible proceed to follow-up. Patients for whom biopsy is neither clinically indicated nor medically appropriate undergo a repeat PET/CT scan after 3 months. If PET/CT scan remains positive, patients undergo biopsy as above. After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 2-3 years, and then annually for a maximum of 5 years.