Lead Sponsor

Penn State University

Collaborators

Age

21 - 65 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

•1. BMI \> 20 and \< 37
•2. LDL-C level between the 50th and 90th percentile (±5% for assay variation) according to NHANES data for sex and age (ex. for men: 128-177 mg/dL and for women: 121-172 mg/dL)
•3. TG level \< 150 mg/dL

•1. self-reported history of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, kidney disease, and thyroid disease (unless controlled on medication)
•2. high alcohol consumption (≥ 14 drinks/week)
•3. intake of putative cholesterol-lowering supplements (psyllium, fish oil capsules, soy lecithin, niacin, fiber, flax, and phytoestrogens, stanol/sterol supplemented foods)
•4. treatment with lipid-lowering agents (statins and fibrates) or blood pressure control medications
•5. vegetarian diet
•6. weight loss or gain ≥ 10% body weight in the previous 6 months,
•7. lactation, pregnancy, or desire to become pregnant during the study