Has a history or evidence of hip fracture

Has a history of cancer within 5 years of screening, except certain skin or cervical cancers.

Has active parathyroid disease

Has a history of thyroid disease not adequately controlled by medication

Is taking anti-seizure medication and has abnormal calcium metabolism

Has received any bisphosphonate other than alendronate for 20% of the last 3 years, or within 3 months of screening

A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Odanacatib (MK-0822) in Postmenopausal Women Previously Treated With a Bisphosphonate (MK-0822-042)