Age

18–50

Sex

FEMALE

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

Women age 18-50 scheduled for an elective cesarean section (1st or 2nd cesarean section)

Women who:
have taken opioids, acetaminophen, or NSAIDs 48 hrs prior to psychophysical testing
have had more than two previous cesarean sections
have a vertical abdominal incision from a prior cesarean section
are non-English speaking
have mental health issues
have a failure of spinal anesthetic and require conversion to general anesthesia
have a vertical uterine incision performed during ongoing cesarean section
have a previous vertical uterine scar discovered during ongoing cesarean section

Prediction of Post-Cesarean Section Pain