The Feasibility and Accuracy of Exhaled CO2 to Measure Cardiac Output in Ventilated Patients Without Tracheal Intubation

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients with facial deformity, heavy beard or moustache which prevents good seal between the mask and the face;
• •2. Patients who have central nervous system disorders that might be adversely affected by CO2 rebreathing, such as head trauma patients with increased intracranial pressure;
• •3. Patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation;
• •4. Patients with intra-cardiac shunts;
• •5. Patients who cannot cooperate and synchronize with the ventilator;
• •6. Patients with unstable respiratory conditions, such as acute respiratory failure;
• •7. Patients who have claustrophobia and cannot wear the mask.
• •8. Patients with aortic stenosis.
• •9. Patients with left main coronary artery disease.
• •10. Pregnancy.