GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Pioglitazone

HbA1c less than (\<) 7 percent (%) or greater than (\>) 10% at screening

At the time of screening age \<legal age of majority

Pregnant or breastfeeding women and women of childbearing potential without effective contraceptive method of birth control

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Pioglitazone not at a stable dose of at least 30 milligram per day (mg/day) for at least 3 months prior to screening

If treatment with metformin, no stable dose of at least 1.5 gram per day (g/day) for at least 3 months prior to screening visit

FPG at screening \>250 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (\>13.9 millimole per liter \[mmol/L\])

Body mass index less than or equal to (\<=) 20 kilogram per square meter (kg/m\^2)

Weight change of more than 5 kg during the 3 months preceding the screening visit

History of unexplained pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, stomach/gastric surgery, or inflammatory bowel disease

History of metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis within 1 year prior to screening

Hemoglobinopathy or hemolytic anemia, or receipt of blood or plasma products within3 months prior to the time of screening

History of myocardial infarction or stroke within the last 6 months prior to screening

Known history of drug or alcohol abuse within 6 months prior to the time of screening

Cardiovascular, hepatic, neurological, endocrine disease, active malignant tumor or other major systemic disease or patients with short life expectancy making implementation of the protocol or interpretation of the study results difficult, history or presence of clinically significant diabetic retinopathy, history or presence of macular edema likely to require laser treatment within the study period

Uncontrolled or inadequately controlled hypertension at the time of screening with a resting systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) \>180 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) or \>95 mmHg, respectively

Laboratory findings at the time of screening: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP): \>2 times upper limit of normal (ULN) laboratory range; amylase and/or lipase: \>3 times ULN; total bilirubin: \>1.5 times ULN (except in case of Gilbert's syndrome); Hemoglobin \<11 gram/deciliter and/or neutrophils \<1500 per cubic millimeter (mm\^3) and/or platelets \<100 000/mm\^3; positive test for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or Hepatitis C antibody (HCAb); positive serum pregnancy test in females of childbearing potential

Any clinically significant abnormality identified on physical examination, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), or vital signs at the time of screening that, in the judgment of the investigator or any sub-investigator, precludes safe completion of the study or constrains efficacy assessment

Patients who are considered by the investigator or any sub-investigator as inappropriate for this study for any reason (for example, impossibility to meet specific protocol requirements \[such as scheduled visits, being able to do self-injections\]; likelihood of requiring treatment during the screening phase and treatment phase with drugs not permitted by the clinical study protocol; investigator or any sub-investigator, pharmacist, study coordinator, other study staff or relative thereof directly involved in the conduct of the protocol)

Use of other oral or injectable antidiabetic or hypoglycemic agents other than metformin or pioglitazone (for example, sulfonylurea, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, other thiazolidinediones, rimonabant, exenatide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 \[DPP-4\] inhibitors, insulin) within 3 months prior to the time of screening

Use of systemic glucocorticoids (excluding topical application or inhaled forms) for 1 week or more within 3 months prior to the time of screening

Use of any investigational drug within 3 months prior to study

Any previous treatment with lixisenatide or participation in a previous study with lixisenatide

Renal impairment defined with creatinine \>1.4 mg/dL in women and creatinine \>1.5 mg/dL in men (applicable only for patients with metformin treatment)

Patients with cardiac failure or history of cardiac failure (New York Heart Association class I to IV)

End-stage renal disease defined by a serum creatinine clearance of \<15 milliliter per minute (mL/min) (calculated by the Cockcroft and Gault formula) and/or patients on dialysis, if no treatment with metformin

Clinically relevant history of gastrointestinal disease associated with prolonged nausea and vomiting, including, but not limited to, gastroparesis and gastroesophageal reflux disease requiring medical treatment, within 6 months prior to the time of screening

Allergic reaction to any glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist in the past (for example,exenatide, liraglutide) or to metacresol

What this study is about