Selenomethionine in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery or Internal Radiation Therapy for Stage I or Stage II Prostate Cancer

OBJECTIVES: Primary * To investigate the down-regulation of the androgen receptor using tissue samples from patients with stage I or II prostate cancer treated with selenomethionine for 8-9 weeks prior to undergoing prostatectomy or brachytherapy. Secondary * To evaluate the down regulation of a number of genes regulated by the androgen receptor (i.e., prostate-specific antigen, kallikrein 2, cell division cycle 6, and dehydrocholesterol reductase 24) using tissue samples from these patients. * To evaluate the down-regulation of haptic nuclear factor 3-alpha using tissue samples from these patients. * To evaluate whether the thiol methyltransferase phenotype modifies the prostatic response to short-term selenomethionine supplementation in these patients. Tertiary * To use quantitative nuclear morphometry to index cellular abnormality in tissue samples as measured by nuclear texture (e.g., total optical density, nuclear area, mean nuclear density, and optical heterogeneity). OUTLINE: Patients are stratified according to planned treatment (brachytherapy vs prostatectomy). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. * Arm I: Patients receive oral selenomethionine once daily for 8-9 weeks. Patients then undergo prostatectomy or brachytherapy. * Arm II: Patients receive oral placebo once daily for 8-9 weeks. Patients then undergo prostatectomy or brachytherapy. Blood samples are collected at baseline and on the day of prostatectomy or brachytherapy. Samples are analyzed for selenium accumulation by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Additional blood samples are stored for future analysis of alpha tocopherol, lycopene, and other vitamin levels, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers. Selenium accumulation is also evaluated in toenail samples at baseline to assess long-term selenium status. Prostate tissue samples are obtained during prostatectomy or brachytherapy and analyzed for RNA and expression of selenium-linked biomarkers (e.g., androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen, kallikrein 2, cell division cycle 6, dehydrocholesterol reductase 24, and haptic nuclear factor 3 alpha) by quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Biomarker expression is compared in both prostatectomy and brachytherapy specimens.