Patient refusal

Patients who will undergo any of the following:

Single-stage implant reconstruction

Combined autogenous tissue expander/implant reconstruction

Patients with a history of prior irradiation

Patients with a history of prior surgery with breast implants

Patients with a history of prior axillary lymph node dissection

Patients who are pregnant

The following eligibility will be confirmed at the time of surgery.

Patients who are deemed intraoperatively by the attending surgeon to have significant mastectomy flap ischemia.

Patients who have an axillary lymph node dissection at the time of mastectomy (Patients undergoing sentinel lymph biopsy are eligible)

Tissue Expander/Implant Reconstruction: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial