Age

40–85

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

Clinical features consistent with heart failure
LVEF ≥ 50%, with no evidence of significant valvular disease, no hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and no evidence of pericardial constriction
A peak VO2 \< 80% predicted, with a pattern of gas exchange on metabolic exercise testing indicating a cardiac cause for limitation

Energetic Abnormalities in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction