Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

Exclusion Criteria

• •For amputee subjects with PLP:
• •Age less than 18 or greater than 75 years.
• •Multiple limb amputation
• •Amputation due to diabetes or vascular claudication
• •Pending revision surgeries.
• •Presence of embedded metallic shrapnel or other metal not compatible with MRIscanning.
• •Presence of traumatic brain injury
• •Known uncontrolled systemic disease- known cancer not in remission, known on-going infection, lupus, kidney disease requiring dialysis, any other systemic disease which might affect ability to participate in this study to its conclusion
• •Concurrent participation in another investigational drug or device study for phantom limb pain or participation in the 30 days immediately prior to study enrollment.
• •Any condition or situation that, in the investigator's opinion, may put the subject at significant risk, confound the study results, or interfere significantly with the subject's participation in the study.
• •Current Axis I or II diagnosis determined by a neurologist or psychiatrist in the 6 months prior to entry into the study.
• •Subjects with lack of effort as determined by the neurologist or physiatrist. Subjects will be screened for effort using the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) first in order to exclude those with blatant exaggeration or malingering.
• •Positive pregnancy test at the time of scanning (within 24 hours prior to the scheduled MRI scan, female subjects of child-bearing age will be given a pregnancy test)
• •For amputee subjects without PLP:
• •Age less than 18 or greater than 75 years.
• •Multiple limb amputation.
• •Amputation due to diabetes or vascular claudication
• •Pending revision surgeries.
• •Presence of embedded metallic shrapnel or other metal not compatible with MRI scanning.
• •Presence of traumatic brain injury
• •Known uncontrolled systemic disease- known cancer not in remission, known on-going infection, lupus, kidney disease requiring dialysis, any other systemic disease which might affect ability to participate in this study to its conclusion
• •Concurrent participation in another investigational drug or device study for phantom limb pain or participation in the 30 days immediately prior to study enrollment.
• •Any condition or situation that, in the investigator's opinion, may put the subject at significant risk, confound the study results, or interfere significantly with the subject's participation in the study.
• •Current Axis I or II diagnosis determined by a neurologist or psychiatrist in the 6 months prior to entry into the study.
• •Subjects with lack of effort as determined by the neurologist or physiatrist. Subjects will be screened for effort using the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) first in order to exclude those with blatant exaggeration or malingering.
• •Positive pregnancy test at the time of scanning (within 24 hours prior to the scheduled MRI scan, female subjects of child-bearing age will be given a pregnancy test)
• •For healthy control subjects:
• •Age less than 18 or greater than 75 years
• •Presence of an amputation
• •Presence of embedded metallic shrapnel or other metal not compatible with MRI scanning.
• •Presence of traumatic brain injury
• •Known uncontrolled systemic disease- known cancer not in remission, known on-going infection, lupus, kidney disease requiring dialysis, any other systemic disease which might affect ability to participate in this study to its conclusion
• •Any condition or situation that, in the investigator's opinion, may put the subject at significant risk, confound the study results, or interfere significantly with the subject's participation in the study
• •Current Axis I or II diagnosis determined by a neurologist or psychiatrist in the 6 months prior to entry into the study
• •Positive pregnancy test at the time of scanning (within 24 hours prior to the scheduled MRI scan, female subjects of child-bearing age will be given a pregnancy test)