A Double-Blind Study on Adjunctive Use of PEMF in the Treatment of 5th Metatarsal Non-Union Fractures

The investigators hypothesize: 1. That treatment of 5th metatarsal non-union fracture with PEMF will achieve earlier resolution and/or higher success compared to surgery alone of 5th metatarsal non-union fractures. 2. PEMF will stimulate increased expression of critical growth factors (i.e. BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7 as well as TGFb, IGF-1, FGF-2 and VEGF) at the non-union site to facilitate osseous healing of 5th metatarsal non-union fractures.