Minimizing Harm From ADEs by Improving Nurse-Physician Communication

Background: Medication management is a complex clinical task. It requires substantial collaboration and coordination between physicians, nurses and pharmacists. Addressing ineffective communication has been identified by the Institute of Medicine as a high priority. Ineffective communication regarding medication management coordination can result in increased medication errors, rates of adverse drug events (ADEs), delays in treating adverse drug events and less effective treatment. ADEs are frequent in hospitalized patients, ranging from less than 3% to over 32%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate communication patterns associated with medication management between providers, physicians and pharmacists in the inpatient setting. Objectives: Specific Aim 1. Assess clinicians' beliefs and concerns regarding the role of communication in preventing, detecting and managing ADEs in elderly inpatients (focus groups). Specific Aim 2. Evaluate and characterize communication events between VA nurses, physicians and pharmacists in an inpatient medicine setting (ethnographic observation). Methods: Phase 1: Focus Groups Design: The design of this study was qualitative and used focus group methodology. Settings: Three VA sites that differed in size, location and academic affiliation were selected. Participants: Three focus groups were conducted at each site (one each of pharmacists, nurses and physicians). A total of 19 nurses, 16 pharmacists and 13 doctors participated. Phase 2: Observation Design: The design of this study was quantitative and descriptive. Settings: Two inpatient units at the VA Salt Lake City Health Care System (medicine and telemetry). Participants: Twelve residents were selected randomly from each of the 4 medical teams, 19 nurses were selected randomly from the two in-patient medicine wards, and 8 clinical pharmacists (the total number of clinical pharmacists available) agreed to participate. Status: All data have been collected and initial analyses has been completed.