Alemtuzumab, Fludarabine, and Busulfan Followed By Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Young Patients With Hematologic Disorders

You may be eligible if

• DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:
• Diagnosis of 1 of the following hematologic conditions:
• * Aplastic anemia with marrow aplasia, meeting all of the following criteria:
• * Absolute neutrophil count \< 500/mm\^3
• * Platelet and/or red cell transfusion dependent
• * Chronic aplastic anemia, meeting all of the following criteria:
• * Transfusion dependent
• * Unresponsive to immunosuppressive therapy
• * Alternative matched unrelated donor has been identified
• * Congenital marrow failure syndrome, including any of the following (with closely matched related or unrelated donor):
• * Primary red cell aplasia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome)
• * Congenital neutropenia (Kostmann's syndrome)
• * Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
• * Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias
• * Other severe acquired cytopenias in which a transplantation using a combined busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen is indicated
• * Hemoglobinopathy (with closely matched related or unrelated donor)
• * β-thalassemia major
• * Sickle cell anemia
• * Hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia
• * Severe immunodeficiency disease
• * Chediak-Higashi disease
• * Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• * Combined immunodeficiency disease (Nezelof's)
• * Hyper immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndrome
• * Bare lymphocyte syndrome
• * Chronic granulomatous disease
• * Familial erythrohemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
• * Other stem cell defects (e.g., osteopetrosis)
• * Severe immune dysregulation/autoimmune disorders
• * Achieved a transient response to prior immunosuppressive therapy
• * Chronic myelogenous leukemia
• * Disease in first chronic phase
• * Acute myeloid leukemia
• * Disease in first remission
• * Myelodysplastic syndromes
• * Inborn errors of metabolism
• * Histiocytosis
• No severe combined immunodeficiency disease
• Matched related or unrelated donor available by high resolution DNA typing
• * Related donor, meeting both of the following criteria:
• * Matched at both human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Drβ1 alleles
• * No more than 1 mismatch at the 4 HLA-A and -B alleles
• * Unrelated donor, meeting 1 of the following criteria:
• * Marrow matched at both HLA-Drβ1 alleles AND no more than 1 mismatch at the 4 HLA-A and -B alleles
• * Umbilical cord blood matched at 5/6 HLA-A, -B, and -DRβ1 alleles with at least 1 -DRβ1 match AND there are ≥ 3x10\^5 CD34+ (Cluster of differentiation 34-positive) cells per kg body weight of recipient available at the time of cryopreservation
• PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:
• Cardiac ejection fraction ≥ 27%
• Creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min by 24-hour urine collection or glomerular filtration rate
• DLCO (diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide) ≥ 50% of predicted (corrected for anemia/lung volume)
• PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:
• No prior transplantation for leukemia from which patient remains engrafted and alemtuzumab is not needed as part of the conditioning regimen