Varenicline Tartrate With Telephone-Based Counseling and/or Internet-Based Counseling in Helping Adults Stop Smoking

OBJECTIVES: * Determine the effectiveness of varenicline with telephone counseling vs Internet-based counseling vs telephone counseling and Internet-based smoking cessation interventions in adult smokers. * Determine individual or group differences in patients undergoing these interventions. * Determine heterogeneity in responsiveness in regard to the Classification and Regression Tree Analysis in patients undergoing these interventions. * Determine the effectiveness of these interventions in regard to recruitment, implementation, barriers to treatment, exposure to intervention, satisfaction with treatment, treatment contamination, and program maintenance. * Determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, open-label study. Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 intervention arms. * Arm I: Patients undergo a proactive telephone-based (PTB) smoking cessation program. * Arm II: Patients undergo a web-based (WB) smoking cessation program. * Arm III: Patients undergo an integrated PTB/WB smoking cessation program. Beginning 1 week before the target quit date, all patients receive oral varenicline once daily for 3 days and then twice daily for up to 12 weeks. They also receive a mailed packet containing a welcome letter, description of the intervention services offered, a privacy notice, a Free \& Clear Quit Kit (comprehensive education/self-help materials including health smoking substitutions), a phone call to orient the patient to the intervention to which they are randomized, and access to a toll-free support line. All patients undergo a pre-treatment assessment (pre-quit) and 3 post-quit assessments at 21 days, 12 weeks, and 6 months after their original scheduled quit date to determine medication adherence, treatment utilization, point-prevalent smoking outcomes, and continuous nonsmoking. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1,200 patients will be accrued for this study.