Reducing Barriers to Drug Abuse Treatment Services

The Specific Aims of the project are: 1. To conduct a detailed qualitative/ethnographic investigation to study: (a) the processes and factors operant in a person's decision to link with a substance abuse treatment agency once a formal (i.e., professional) assessment and referral have been made; and (b) the processes and factors operant in staying in treatment once it has been initiated. 2. To identify and classify, using quantitative methods, the operant barriers to treatment linkage and engagement. We will assess the factors that are associated with these barriers and examine the effects of the study's interventions on removing them. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness, using a controlled trial, of a Motivational Intervention and Strengths-Based Case Management, compared to the CIU's "standard" referral process, by examining differences between the Standard, Motivational Intervention, and Case Management conditions on treatment linkage and engagement outcomes. The conceptual framework for this controlled trial is the well-studied Andersen model of access and health service use, modified for chemical dependency services (Andersen, 1995). The interventions are designed to affect mutable factors such as perceived barriers to treatment. Data will be collected at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months thereafter. Analyses will examine whether the interventions work better with different groups of clients (e.g. cocaine users versus marijuana users, males versus females, different ethnicities, etc); as well as different treatment modalities (standard outpatient versus intensive outpatient.) 4. To conduct a quantitative investigation of the effects of Individual Level and Health Care System Level factors that predict treatment linkage and engagement in the context of the proposed interventions. This study component will develop comprehensive models to predict how these factors interact with the study's interventions to effect treatment linkage and treatment engagement.