Kidney Disease Biomarkers

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. IN CHILDREN, ANY OF THE FOLLOWING
• •1. Age less than 2 years. The rationale for excluding children under the age of 2 yr is that nephrotic syndrome is unusual in this age group and may have etiologies other than MCD and FSGS
• •2. Uncontrolled hypertension (a systolic or diastolic which is greater than 95% population mean for child s age and sex, while receiving therapy), azotemia (serum creatinine greater than 1.5mg/dL), gross hematuria at the time of presentation (clinical markers of primary or secondary GN).
• •3. Hypocomplementemia, positive ANA, anti-DS DNA, ASO, anti-DNase B, MPO, PR-3, Hepatitis B and C and HIV serologies.
• •2. In children or adults:
• •1. Clinical contra-indications to steroid therapy.
• •2. The presence of medical conditions that might interfere with the interpretation of results, such as cancer, diabetes, or a long history of hypertension.
• •3. Healthy adult volunteers:
• •1. age greater than 18 yrs; no history of hypertension, diabetes, or other chronic illness that might complicate interpretation of the results; not taking prescription medication.
• •CKD PROGRESSION STUDY:
• •1\) The presence of medical conditions that might interfere with the interpretation of results, such as cancer.
• •ANGIOTENSIN ANTAGONISM STUDY:
• •1. Allergy to ACE inhibitor or ARB
• •2. Current or planned pregnancy; urine HCG performed at start of study and on the day of iothalamate infusion.
• •3. Serum potassium greater than 5.0 mEq/L off angiotensin antagonist therapy
• •4. The presence of medical conditions which would make interpretation of results difficult such as cancer.
• •5. History of iodine allergy or severe asthma (history of emergency department visit or hospitalization).
• •SEX DIFFERENCES IN URINARY EXOSOME PROTEINS:
• •1. Any chronic illness that might interfere with interpretation of the study; certain illnesses that do not require therapy may be consistent with inclusion, including mild asthma or psychiatric illness.
• •2. Cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer in the past 5 years.
• •3. Need for any chronic or intermittent medication other than acetaminophen.
• •4. Women: amenorrhea, irregular menses, menstrual cycles less than 26 days or greater than 32 days, or use of contraceptive hormones (unwilling or unable to switch to non-hormonal means of contraception); Irregular cycle may be non-ovulatory and associated with abnormal sex hormone profiles, which will complicate data interpretation.
• •5. Use of nicotine or illicit drugs.
• •6. Febrile illness or urinary tract infection: postpone admission one week or more.
• •SALT INTAKE AND BLOOD PRESSURE RESPONSES IN URINARY EXOSOMES:
• •1. Any chronic illness that might interfere with interpretation of the study; certain illnesses that do not require therapy may be consistent with inclusion, including mild asthma or psychiatric illness
• •2. Cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer in the past 5 years
• •3. Need for any chronic or intermittent medication other than acetaminophen
• •4. Use of nicotine or illicit drug
• •5. Febrile illness or urinary tract infection: postpone admission one week or more