Improving Quality of Primary Care for Patients With Anxiety and/or Panic Disorders

Panic and generalized anxiety disorders are serious conditions that often are inadequately recognized and treated, responsible for significant morbidity, and associated with excessive health services' utilization. More effective treatment interventions that involve both primary care physicians (PCPs) and patients are necessary to manage these conditions. Patients presenting for primary care services will be screened for panic and generalized anxiety disorders using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorder (PRIME-MD); patients and their PCPs will be informed of patients' diagnosis. Participants will then be randomly assigned to receive either a telephone-based collaborative care intervention or their PCPs' usual care. The telephone care intervention will involve a protocol that is based on the American Psychiatric Association's and other published guidelines for treating panic disorder (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The care manager will assess each patient's treatment preferences for either anxiolytic pharmacotherapy, a self-management workbook, referral to a community mental health specialist, or some combination of these. The care manager will conduct periodic telephone follow-up interviews with intervention participants to inquire about anxiety symptoms, treatment adherence, review lesson plans, and any side effects they have experienced, as applicable. The care manager maintains correspondence with the PCPs of the telephone intervention participants via an electronic medical record system to rapidly relay information regarding patients' treatment and obtain the PCPs approval for initiating or adjusting pharmacotherapy according to the patient's response to treatment and protocol. A blinded research assistant who is unaware of participants' randomization group will conduct telephone interviews with all participants to assess the effectiveness of the intervention relative to the usual care control condition. These interviews will be conducted at baseline and at 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-months follow-up. Measures assessed include anxiety symptoms, functional status, health services utilization, and overall quality of life.