Evaluating the Remote Effects of Stroke With MRI and PET Scans

Exclusion Criteria

• •A. Patients with MRI findings consistent with brain tumors, trauma or AVMs will be excluded.
• •B. Patients with multiple stroke lesions will be excluded, except for prior asymptomatic lacunar infarctions or stroke lesions which are not known to cause diaschisis in the frontal cortex (occipital cortex).
• •C. Patients with severe stenosis (greater than 70%) or occlusion in internal cervical arteries and in the proximal portions of middle or frontal cerebral arteries detected by angiography or MRA will be excluded. Subjects with medical disorders which can affect the concentration of cerebral metabolites, including renal failure, hepatic failure and untreated electrolyte abnormality will be excluded. Subjects with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (casual plasma glucose concentration greater than or equal to 200 mg per dL (11.1 mmol per L) or fast plasma glucose concentration greater than or equal to 126 mg per dL (7.0 mmol per L) will be excluded. Subjects who are taking sleeping drugs or tranquilizers will be asked to stop taking them for two days prior to each of the PET and H-MRS scans.
• •D. Subjects with a pre-stroke history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorders will be excluded.
• •E. Subjects with implanted devices such as pacemakers, medication pumps or defibrillators, metal in the cranium except mouth, intracardiac lines, history of shrapnel injury or any other condition/device that may be contraindicated or prevent the acquisition of MRI.
• •F. Subjects with cancer will be excluded.
• •G. Patients not capable of giving an informed consent will be excluded
• •H. Ethnic origin and race will not be biased for inclusion.
• •Participation of children:
• •Children will be excluded from the study because we need to study a homogeneous group of subjects by age and developmental changes in metabolites will complicate this study. Additionally, young children will not be sufficiently cooperative for the long periods of testing. Moreover, the radiation dose of the PET studies would subject them to relatively greater risk than the adults.