Donor Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Treating Patients With Leukemia, Lymphoma, or Nonmalignant Hematologic Disorders

You may be eligible if

• DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:
• Diagnosis of 1 of the following hematologic malignancies:
• * Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)\*
• * With or without history of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
• * Patients in first complete remission (CR) (no greater than 5% blasts in marrow) with translocations t(8;21) and inv(16) are allowed provided they failed first-line induction therapy
• * Patients in first CR (no greater than 5% blasts in marrow) with translocations t(15;17) are allowed provided at least 1 of the following is true:
• * Failed first-line induction therapy
• * Molecular evidence of persistent disease
• * No patients in first CR and with Down syndrome
• * Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)\*, meeting 1 of the following criteria:
• * Not in first CR (no greater than 5% blasts in marrow)
• * In first CR and high risk as defined by 1 of the following:
• * Hypoploidy (no more than 44 chromosomes)
• * Pseudodiploidy with translocations or molecular evidence of t(9;22), 11q23, or t(8;14) (excluding B-ALL) or +MLL gene rearrangement
• * One of the following elevated WBC levels:
• * WBC greater than 100,000/mm\^3 if 6 to 12 months of age
• * WBC greater than 200,000/mm\^3 if between 10 and 17 years of age
• * WBC greater than 20,000/mm\^3 if 18 years of age and over (adult \[over 18 years of age\] patient stratum closed to accrual)
• * Failed to achieve CR after 4 weeks of induction therapy
• * B-ALL that is not in first CR or that meets at least 1 of the high-risk criteria specified above
• * No translocation t(8;14)
• * No blasts with surface immunoglobulins
• * CD10 negative
• * Undifferentiated leukemia\*
• * Infant leukemia\*
• * Biphenotypic leukemia\*
• * Chronic myelogenous leukemia, meeting 1 of the following criteria:
• * Accelerated phase
• * Chronic phase
• * At least 1 year from diagnosis without an identified matched unrelated bone marrow donor AND unresponsive to or unable to tolerate interferon
• * Blast crisis\* (greater than 30% promyelocytes plus blasts in the marrow)
• * One of the following MDS:
• * Refractory anemia
• * Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts
• * Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)
• * RAEB in transformation
• * Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
• * Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• * Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma beyond first CR or failed primary induction therapy
• * Tumor displays chemosensitivity (greater than 50% reduction in mass size after the most recent therapy) NOTE: \*Patients in third or greater medullary relapse or refractory disease (other than primary induction failures) or blast crisis receive the study busulfan/melphalan conditioning regimen)
• OR
• Diagnosis of one of the following nonmalignant diseases :
• * Acquired severe aplastic anemia (stratum closed to accrual)
• * Unresponsive to medical therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin and/or cyclosporine
• * Inborn errors of metabolism, including, but not limited to the following:
• * Hurler's syndrome
• * Adrenoleukodystrophy
• * Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
• * Globoid cell leukodystrophy
• * Metachromatic leukodystrophy
• * Fucosidosis
• * Mannosidosis
• * Fanconi anemia documented by increased chromosomal fragility assays and meeting 1 of the following criteria (stratum closed to accrual):
• * Severe pancytopenia
• * Absolute neutrophil count less than 500/mm\^3
• * Platelet count less than 20,000/mm\^3
• * Hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL
• * Morphologic evidence of MDS with clonal chromosomal abnormalities
• * Leukemia transformation
• * Other marrow failure syndromes, including any of the following (stratum closed to accrual):
• * Blackfan-Diamond syndrome that is unresponsive to medical therapy
• * Kostmann's congenital agranulocytosis unresponsive to medical therapy
• * Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
• * Thrombocytopenia absent radius
• * Combined immune deficiencies including, but not limited to the following:
• * Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
• * Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• * Leukocyte adhesion defect
• * Chediak-Higashi disease
• * X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
• * Adenosine deaminase deficiency
• * Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
• * X-linked SCID
• * Common variable immune deficiency
• * Nezeloff's syndrome
• * Cartilage hair hypoplasia
• * Reticular dysgenesis
• No active CNS leukemia (cerebrospinal fluid with WBC greater than 5/mm\^3 and malignant cells on cytospin)
• No SCID patients who do not require cytoreduction
• No dyskeratosis congenita
• No primary myelofibrosis
• No grade 3 or greater myelofibrosis
• Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients must not have any of the following:
• * Abnormal brain MRI
• * Neurologic symptoms
• * Lymphocytes and monocytes greater than 7/mm\^3 in the cerebrospinal fluid
• No available 5/6 or 6/6 HLA-matched related donor
• PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:
• Age
• 55 and under (over 18 closed to accrual)
• Performance status
• Karnofsky 70-100% OR
• Lansky 50-100% (patients under 16 years old)
• Life expectancy
• Not specified
• Hematopoietic
• See Disease Characteristics
• Hepatic
• SGOT less than 5 times upper limit of normal
• Bilirubin less than 2.5 mg/dL
• Renal
• Creatinine normal for age OR
• Creatinine clearance or glomerular filtration rate greater than 50% of lower limit of normal
• Cardiovascular
• LVEF greater than 40% at rest and must improve with exercise\* OR
• Shortening fraction greater than 26%\* NOTE: \*If symptomatic
• Pulmonary
• DLCO greater than 45% of predicted\* (corrected for hemoglobin)
• FEV\_1 and FEC greater than 45% of predicted (corrected for hemoglobin) OR
• Room air oxygen saturation greater than 85%\* NOTE: \*If symptomatic
• Other
• Not pregnant or nursing
• Negative pregnancy test
• Fertile patients must use effective contraception
• No uncontrolled viral, bacterial, or fungal infection
• HIV negative
• PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:
• Biologic therapy
• See Disease Characteristics
• More than 12 months since prior allogeneic stem cell transplantation with cytoreductive preparative therapy
• More than 6 months since prior autologous stem cell transplantation
• Chemotherapy
• See Biologic therapy
• Endocrine therapy
• Not specified
• Radiotherapy
• Not specified
• Surgery
• Not specified
• Other
• No prior enrollment on this study
• No continuous life support (e.g., mechanical ventilation) within 1 year after study transplantation (for patients with inborn errors of metabolism)