Lead Mobilization & Bone Turnover in Pregnancy/Lactation

Inclusion Criteria

• •1. Positive pregnancy test, age 12-35 and informed consent;
• •2. Gestation \<28 weeks at entry to prenatal care;
• •3. No history of serious chronic or metabolic diseases, which could affect maternal growth or bone density;
• •4. Not corticosteroid user or diagnosed use of illicit drugs;
• •5. Eligible for lactation study: Ascertainment during or participation in the pregnancy study and a negative pregnancy test.