Biomarkers in Management of Post Partum Preeclampsia

Participants are recruited for a research study about how lab values change following delivery in people with Preeclampsia with Severe Features. Preeclampsia with Severe Features means that the disease has impacted organs, causing high blood pressures, symptoms, or changes in lab values. Those with Preeclampsia with Severe Features receive magnesium sulfate after delivery. The study is intended to learn how lab values change following delivery and to investigate how quickly participants get better from preeclampsia. Participation in this research will last while admitted to the hospital. Information will be collected from the post partum visit, but there is no need for blood draw at that time. The purpose of this research is to gather information on the safety and effectiveness of a shorter administration of magnesium which is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Participants will be randomized into two groups, which means that it will be decided by chance if 12 hours or 24 hours of magnesium will be given after the delivery of the baby. Blood samples will be collected at time of delivery, 12 hours after delivery, 18 hours after delivery, 24 hours after delivery, and then daily. This is very similar to the number of labs to be collected even if participants decide not to participate in this study. This would likely add 2 or 3 blood draws. Both groups will have the same number of blood draws collected. Other than possibly having 12 hours of magnesium, and a few more blood draws, the rest of the care received will not change. Each blood draw will consist of \~10mL, meaning a total of about 40mL of blood would be drawn for the purpose of this study. Data would be collected, and deidentified. Information collected would include age, other medical conditions (like diabetes or high blood pressure out side of pregnancy), blood pressure, and symptoms during hospital stay and at the post partum visit.

The research procedures, including patient enrollment, will occur while admitted to the Labor and Delivery Unit at University of Kentucky Chandler Hospital prior to birth, and no additional visits for the purpose of this research are anticipated. The experimental group will include pregnant participants with preeclampsia with severe features who are randomized to 12 hours of magnesium post-partum. The control group will consist of participants with preeclampsia with severe features randomized to 24 hours of magnesium administration post-partum. After their initial enrollment, care will not be impacted leading up to the delivery of the neonate. Following delivery, the magnesium sulfate administration will remain a continuous infusion at 2 grams per hour (diluted in lactated ringers for total infusion volume of 50mL per hour) as is standard practice. Care for both groups will remain as standard for nursing monitoring including exam and vital signs at least hourly while on magnesium sulfate continuous infusion. Both groups at completion of magnesium sulfate, either 12 hours after delivery for the intervention group or 24 hours after delivery for control group, will continue with standard monitoring procedures per institutional protocol. Both groups will have blood (serum) analysis collected at time of delivery, 12 hours later, then at 18 hours following delivery, and 24 hours. After 24 hours of collection, the lab evaluation will be spaced to daily until discharge. While laboratory evaluation, being collected and analyzed, every 6 hours is a standard practice for many clinical circumstances while admitted for pre-eclampsia with severe features, there is the potential to increased cost if not felt to be clinically indicated post-partum. This cost would not be passed along to patients and would instead be covered by funding acquired for this study. Additionally, some of the serum analytes collected, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are not part of routine analysis, and costs will be covered by research funding rather than billed to patients. Analysis will consist of typical preeclampsia markers such as liver transaminases, serum creatinine, platelet counts. Additional analytes will include sFlt-1, PlGF, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Clinical analysis will consist of chart analysis floor policy but will include vital signs (blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, pulse), standard review of systems to assess for magnesium side effects/toxicity, and other evaluation that was clinically indicated based on patient status such as imaging if necessary. No clinical interventions will be altered by study protocol other than the determination of 12-hour or 24-hour magnesium sulfate administration post-partum. Patients will receive standard postpartum outpatient follow-up. No additional clinical visits related to the study will be necessary, and chart review will be completed until 6 weeks post-partum as that is the duration in which preeclampsia is anticipated to resolve. Per floor policy, the magnesium bolus of 4g will already have been received prior to randomization, and the standard administration rate of 2g/hr will be continued through delivery, and into the post-partum period where the study takes place. Clinicians often adjust magnesium dosing in the setting of pulmonary edema, renal dysfunction (creatinine \>1.1), or if concern presents for magnesium toxicity. If these concerns present, clinician judgement to alter magnesium dosing, or length of administration, will not be influenced. The patient will continue in the study, with necessary annotations in the data analysis to specify these findings. Similarly, hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, eclampsia, persistent (non-improving) neurologic symptoms like a headache or vision change, would all necessitate 24-hour administration of magnesium given the underlying severity of the disease. The patients would be analyzed in their original group with intent-to-treat analysis. Medical records will be abstracted to collect demographic information, medical and prenatal history, treatment course, information related to delivery and neonate after birth (Birth weight, gender, APGARS and neonatal complications). The blood samples collected during the study will be stored in a locked freezer behind locked doors in the participating laboratory. All identifiable information will be removed from the samples. All information will be de-identified and assigned unique identification codes before storing the specimens. Only the bank staff will have access to the master list that links the code to participants. All coded information in a secured computer behind locked doors. All digital information will be protected with passwords/encryption. Encryption changes the information to another format to protect it from being accessed by anyone outside of the approved staff.