Effect of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety

This randomized, sham-controlled, parallel, double-blind clinical trial investigates the effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and well-being in adults with anxiety disorders. Participants are randomized (1:1) to receive either standardized foot reflexology or sham massage for 10 sessions (twice per week, 5 weeks). The primary outcome is the change in Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score from baseline to the 10th session. Secondary outcomes include BAI score at 30-day follow-up, relaxation and well-being assessed immediately after each session with the Profile of Mood States (POMS - Brazilian version, Tension-Anxiety subscale), and incidence of adverse events. It is hypothesized that foot reflexology will result in a greater reduction of anxiety symptoms compared to sham massage.

Participants aged 18-60 years with a clinical diagnosis of anxiety (DSM-5) are recruited and randomized 1:1 into two groups: Experimental: standardized foot reflexology protocol targeting reflex points (solar plexus, CNS, pituitary, heart, diaphragm). Sham comparator: foot manipulation and mobilization (sliding, flexion-extension, rotation, traction) without stimulation of reflex points. Both interventions last approximately 15 minutes per session, 10 sessions total (twice per week for 5 weeks). Assessments: BAI at baseline, after 5 sessions, after 10 sessions, and 30-day follow-up. POMS (Tension-Anxiety subscale) immediately after each session (sessions 1-10). Checklist for adverse events (e.g., redness, pain, tingling, transient discomfort). Blinding: Participants, care providers, outcome assessors, and statisticians are blinded to group allocation.