Characteristics of Patients in the ICU With Palliative Care Consults in a Tertiary University Hospital

The aim of this retrospective observational single-center cohort study is to investigate the factors associated with palliative care (PC) referral, examine intensive care unit (ICU) involvement before, during, or after the referral, and evaluate patient outcomes such as mortality, hospital and ICU length of stay, discharge destination, functional status, symptom management, and the content of PC consultation reports.

Palliative care (PC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) can improve care for critically ill patients by supporting decision-making, managing symptoms, and planning for end-of-life care. Early referral to PC has been linked to more do-not-resuscitate and do-not-intubate decisions, fewer ICU procedures, and more transfers to hospice care. However, PC is still underused in many ICUs, partly because doctors often overestimate patient survival. Most referral guidelines are based on older patients or those with serious conditions, which may not apply to younger or potentially recovering patients. Existing studies mostly focus on survival or length of stay, with limited information on symptoms, functional recovery, or patient comfort. Some research suggests that PC needs are often not well met in the ICU. This retrospective single-center cohort study aims to better understand when and why ICU patients are referred to PC, how their care changes, and what outcomes follow. It will also examine symptom management, functional outcomes, and recommendations made by the PC team. The results of this study may help improve the timing and use of PC in the ICU to better support patient needs.