Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) defines diabetes as "a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body is unable to use the insulin it produces effectively.
Type 1 diabetes (formerly called insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes) is characterized by insufficient insulin production, which must be administered daily. In 2017, 9 million people had type 1 diabetes, most of them living in high-income countries. The cause of type 1 diabetes is not known, and it is not currently known how to prevent it.
Type 2 diabetes changes the way the body uses sugar (glucose) for energy. It prevents the body from using insulin properly, which can lead to high blood sugar levels if left untreated. Over time, type 2 diabetes can cause serious damage, especially to nerves and blood vessels. Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented. Factors that contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes include being overweight, not getting enough exercise, and having a genetic predisposition.
One of the most important ways to treat diabetes is to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Some people with type 2 diabetes will need to take medication to control their blood sugar. This may include injected insulin or other medications, including: metformin, sulfonylureas, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors). " According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), "The facts and figures about diabetes demonstrate the growing global burden it places on individuals, families, and countries. The IDF Diabetes Atlas (2021) indicates that 10.5% of the adult population (20-79 years) have diabetes and nearly half of them are unaware that they are living with the condition.
By 2045, IDF projections show that one in eight adults, or approximately 783 million people, will be living with diabetes, representing an increase of 46%.
More than 90% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, which is due to socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and genetic factors. The main factors contributing to the increase in type 2 diabetes are:
* Urbanization.
* Ageing population.
* Decreased levels of physical activity.
* Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, it is possible to reduce the impact of diabetes by taking preventive measures for type 2 diabetes and providing early diagnosis and appropriate care for all types of diabetes. These measures can help people with diabetes avoid or delay complications. " In Belgium in 2021, 6.8% of the Belgian population suffered from diabetes, which represents 798,912 people. 1/3 of people are not diagnosed with diabetes, which brings the prevalence of diabetes in Belgium to 10% (i.e. more than 1 million people).
Effective management of diabetic patients is therefore a real challenge and is of paramount importance at a time when government budgetary constraints are increasingly severe. The transfer of skills, the financing law and the new method of financing institutions have considerably impacted the financial resources of our hospitals.
How can it be done better with less? How can hospitalizations that are costly for society and their duration be limited within the framework of limited hospital funding?
1\. Problem A large number of patients at the Neurological and Functional Rehabilitation Center (CNRF) have associated pathologies, particularly diabetes. These patients may have complications related to diabetes that require recurring hospitalizations in an acute structure or in rehabilitation. One way to limit complications is to implement patient education.
"Patient education consists of nursing care aimed at facilitating the learning of knowledge, know-how and interpersonal skills in order to achieve a change in behavior in the patient, their family or a significant person." Before the implementation of this project, patient education consisted of awareness-raising according to the definition of the 2011 Minimum Hospital Summary Nursing Data Scoring Manual (DI-RHM) "Set of educational activities carried out with the aim of raising awareness, informing or enabling the acquisition of certain knowledge, abilities or skills with a view to regaining autonomy: information on the disease process, education in the management of prescribed medication, etc. These activities concern the patient, their family or any other person
