Evaluation of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Immunohistochemical Markers in Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix

The study aims to evaluate the expression of certain proteins and their diagnostic and prognostic value in precancerous lesions of the cervix.

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women and the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide. Numerous risk factors are associated with the development of cervical cancer; in particular, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection plays a decisive role in the development of the neoplasm. Almost all cervical cancers are caused by persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. In particular, squamous cell carcinoma accounts for about 70% of cervical cancers; its precursor is called 'cervical intraepithelial neoplasia' (CIN) or 'squamous intraepithelial lesion' (SIL) and is classified according to the degree of dysplasia. The 'CIN' classification system defines three categories: CIN1 (dysplasia limited to the lower third of the epithelium), CIN2 (dysplasia extending into the middle third of the epithelium) and CIN3 (dysplasia extending into the upper third of the epithelium). More recently, the 'CIN' system has been replaced by the 'SIL' system, which appears more reproducible and biologically relevant. The 'SIL' system reduces the categories from three to two: low grade - SIL (L - SIL, overlapping CIN1) and high grade - SIL (H - SIL, grouping CIN2 and CIN3 together). Several diagnostic markers have been proposed, such as athanogene 3 associated with Bcl - 2 (BAG3) and others with prognostic value such as topoisomerase 2A (TOP2), minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM 2), Ki-67, P16INK4, P-53 associated with cervical cancer. However, there is no strong evidence for the association of these markers with precancerous lesions. Our study therefore aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-associated athanogene 3 - 2 (BAG3) in patients diagnosed with CIN/SIL undergoing colposcopic cervical biopsies or conization. This clinical trial is therefore a tissue-based, diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, retrospective cohort, single-center, non-profit, pilot study and foresees that histological sections obtained at the time of initial diagnosis will be re-evaluated in blinded fashion by two pathologists regarding histological diagnosis, histotype, histological grading, lymphocytic infiltrate. They will then be subjected to immunohistochemistry according to the specific protocol for BAG3.