Cross-Cultural Adaptation on CALCULATE in a Critical Care Unit

Pressure injuries are localized lesions that occur in the skin and/or underlying tissues due to pressure, or pressure in combination with shear. PIs arise as a consequence of prolonged immobility during hospitalization, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays which may result in higher healthcare costs. Critically ill patients are vulnerable cohort of patients at a higher risk of developing PIs compared to the general population due to factors such as immobility, severity of illness, hemodynamic instability, ventilation, use of vasopressors, and the application of medical devices.

Despite the potential for preventing pressure injury through evidence-based, multidisciplinary approaches, critically ill patients still develop pressure injury at approximately four times the rate of other patients.While there are over forty pressure injuries risk assessment tools available, none are considered the 'gold standard,' and their assessments are based on subjective data, which may not yield valid and reliable results in clinical practice. In a study identified sixteen scales used to assess pressure injury in intensive care, with the Cubbin and Jackson Index, Braden, and Waterlow being the most common. Although the Braden scale was most frequently used, it was not considered the best tool for intensive care unit patients. In a recent review, the Critical Care Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool made Easy was noted to outperform others in detecting pressure injuries, with the Braden and Critical Care Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool made Easy scores showing superior performance, and Braden demonstrating the best results.