Role of Dynamic Ultrasound in Assessment of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic high-resolution ultrasonography in identifying various abnormalities of the shoulder impingement syndrome, especially the subacromial type, and to determine the added value of dynamic ultrasonography compared to static examination of such cases. Furthermore, we will compare these findings to MRI, which we regard as the standard in our cases.

Patients with shoulder impingement syndrome often experience pain primarily in the anterior and lateral areas of the acromion, which can radiate to the lateral aspect of the mid-arm. This pain typically worsens at night and when lying on the affected side. Additionally, some patients may experience stiffness and weakness due to the pain. When assessing a patient with signs of impingement, it is essential to evaluate the condition of the rotator cuff and the extent of any tears. This information allows surgeons to create an effective strategy for ongoing patient management. Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are effective tools for diagnosing rotator cuff disorders, especially when it comes to detecting full-thickness rotator cuff tears, due to their high sensitivity. However, their overall sensitivity for identifying partial rotator cuff tears and tendinopathy is lower. Impingement-related conditions, such as bursitis and changes or ruptures in tendons, can be visualized using a linear sonography. Ultrasound (US) offers several advantages over MRI. One key benefit is that ultrasonography is a dynamic form of imaging, while MRI provides static images. US is also portable, better tolerated by patients, and allows for direct interaction with patients; this enables patients to point to the symptomatic area, which can enhance diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, ultrasound is less time-consuming, more cost-effective, and more readily available in secondary and tertiary care settings compared to MRI.