Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.90 female patients aged 18 to 65 with ASA I-II status were selected at Baogang Hospital, Inner Mongolia, who had been diagnosed with breast fibroadenomas. Exclusion criteria included pre-existing infection at the site of block, coagulation disorders, morbid obesity (body mass index \> 40 kg/m²), allergy to local anesthetics, impaired lung function, significant cardiac disease, renal dysfunction, pre-existing neurological disorders, and psychiatric conditions.
